--- title: "诺贝尔物理学奖历届获奖者（1901–2026）" description: "按年份列出 1901 到 2026 年的每一届诺贝尔物理学奖和获奖者，每项获奖工作都能点进去读背后的故事。" canonical_url: "https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/nobel/physics/" language: "zh-CN" page_type: "story" alternate_languages: en: "https://sandboxphysics.com/nobel/physics/" --- 120 个获奖年份 · 145 项获奖工作 · 7 个主题 # 诺贝尔物理学奖历届获奖者（1901–2026） 按年份列出 1901 到 2026 年的每一届诺贝尔物理学奖和获奖者，每项获奖工作都能点进去读背后的故事。 选一个年份，点进去读这项获奖工作背后的故事。有些年份同时表彰了两项不同的工作，各占一行，所以 120 个获奖年份共有 145 项。1916、1931、1934、1940、1941 和 1942 年没有颁奖。 ## 按主题浏览 每项奖归入七个主题之一。主题页把文章排好阅读顺序，还连着可以亲手操作的交互实验。 1. ### [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) 光谱、碰撞和单个原子，怎样一步步揭示量子规律？ 26 项获奖工作 2. ### [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) X 射线、激光、电子和中子，怎样让人看清肉眼看不到的结构？ 26 项获奖工作 3. ### [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) 晶体管、超导体和超流体，为什么会这样工作？ 25 项获奖工作 4. ### [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) 数不清的粒子聚在一起，怎样形成气体、相变、气候，甚至记忆？ 11 项获奖工作 5. ### [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) 探测器和加速器，怎样找到物质内部的粒子和相互作用？ 39 项获奖工作 6. ### [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) 星光、射电脉冲和引力波，能告诉我们宇宙的哪些事？ 13 项获奖工作 7. ### [中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/) 一种几乎能穿过一切的粒子，物理学家是怎样捉到它的？ 5 项获奖工作 ## 1900 年代 1. ### 1901 - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen [Röntgen：影子能证明什么](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/rontgen-rays-and-shadow-evidence/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1901/summary/) 2. ### 1902 - Hendrik A. Lorentz · Pieter Zeeman [磁场为什么会把一条谱线分开](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/zeeman-lines-polarization-lorentz/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1902/summary/) 3. ### 1903 - Henri Becquerel [没有晒过太阳的底片为什么黑了](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/becquerel-curie-radioactivity/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/summary/) - Pierre Curie · Marie Curie [没有晒过太阳的底片为什么黑了](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/becquerel-curie-radioactivity/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/summary/) 4. ### 1904 - Lord Rayleigh [多出来的一点重量，让氩露了面](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/rayleigh-argon-density/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1904/summary/) 5. ### 1905 - Philipp Lenard [Lenard 给阴极射线开了一扇窗](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/lenard-cathode-ray-window/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1905/summary/) 6. ### 1906 - J.J. Thomson [Thomson 从阴极射线里找到共同的粒子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/thomson-electron-charge-mass/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1906/summary/) 7. ### 1907 - Albert A. Michelson [Michelson：把条纹数变成长度](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/michelson-fringes-and-length/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1907/summary/) 8. ### 1908 - Gabriel Lippmann [Lippmann：颜色怎样写进底片深处](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/lippmann-recorded-colour/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1908/summary/) 9. ### 1909 - Guglielmo Marconi · Ferdinand Braun [无线电与电离层：收到信号之后，还要测什么](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/wireless-signals-and-ionosphere/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1909/summary/) ## 1910 年代 1. ### 1910 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals [气体怎样变成液体，又怎样失去分界](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/van-der-waals-critical-point/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1910/summary/) 2. ### 1911 - Wilhelm Wien [黑体辐射：证据是一整条曲线](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/blackbody-spectrum-planck-wien/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1911/summary/) 3. ### 1912 - Gustaf Dalén [天亮以后，几根金属杆替灯塔关了灯](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/dalen-sun-valve/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1912/summary/) 4. ### 1913 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes [液氦怎样打开低温世界并带来超导发现](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/liquid-helium-onnes/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1913/summary/) 5. ### 1914 - Max von Laue [Laue 与 Bragg 父子：从斑点走向晶体结构](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/laue-bragg-crystal-inference/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1914/summary/) 6. ### 1915 - William Bragg · Lawrence Bragg [Laue 与 Bragg 父子：从斑点走向晶体结构](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/laue-bragg-crystal-inference/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/summary/) 7. ### 1916 这一年没有颁奖。 8. ### 1917 - Charles Glover Barkla [Barkla：换了靶材，射线为什么跟着变](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/barkla-characteristic-x-rays/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1917/summary/) 9. ### 1918 - Max Planck [黑体辐射：证据是一整条曲线](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/blackbody-spectrum-planck-wien/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/summary/) 10. ### 1919 - Johannes Stark [从沟道射线的颜色读出原子的运动](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/stark-canal-rays-doppler-emitters/) 延伸阅读： [电场怎样把氢原子的谱线分开](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/stark-effect-electric-field-spectra/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1919/summary/) ## 1920 年代 1. ### 1920 - Charles Edouard Guillaume [殷钢怎样减轻精密测量的温度误差](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/invar-metrology/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1920/summary/) 2. ### 1921 - Albert Einstein [光电效应：电压还不是电子的能量](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/photoelectric-stopping-potential-contact/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/summary/) 3. ### 1922 - Niels Bohr [原子谱：定态的证据，不是轨道的照片](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/atomic-spectra-stationary-states/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/summary/) 4. ### 1923 - Robert A. Millikan [油滴实验：从下落时间里找出电荷单位](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/millikan-oil-drop-charge-inference/) 延伸阅读： [光电效应：电压还不是电子的能量](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/photoelectric-stopping-potential-contact/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1923/summary/) 5. ### 1924 - Manne Siegbahn [Manne Siegbahn：谱线量得更准，能级图随之改变](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/manne-siegbahn-x-ray-lines/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/summary/) 6. ### 1925 - James Franck · Gustav Hertz [Franck–Hertz：下降的电流能证明什么](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/franck-hertz-discrete-excitation/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1925/summary/) 7. ### 1926 - Jean Baptiste Perrin [Perrin 数着那些迟迟不沉底的小颗粒](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/perrin-sedimentation/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1926/summary/) 8. ### 1927 - Arthur H. Compton [Compton 散射：光还要平衡动量](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/compton-scattering-energy-momentum/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/summary/) - C.T.R. Wilson [Wilson 让电离留下看得见的路](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/wilson-cloud-chamber/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/summary/) 9. ### 1928 - Owen Willans Richardson [热金属里的电子怎样越过表面](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/thermionic-emission/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1928/summary/) 10. ### 1929 - Louis de Broglie [de Broglie：物质的波长，波包的速度](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/de-broglie-matter-waves-phase-packets/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1929/summary/) ## 1930 年代 1. ### 1930 - Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman [Raman：换了入射谱线，频移不变](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/raman-shift-and-molecular-evidence/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1930/summary/) 2. ### 1931 这一年没有颁奖。 3. ### 1932 - Werner Heisenberg [矩阵与波：走向同一组预言的两条路](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/matrix-wave-mechanics-observables/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1932/summary/) 4. ### 1933 - Erwin Schrödinger · Paul A.M. Dirac [矩阵与波：走向同一组预言的两条路](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/matrix-wave-mechanics-observables/) 延伸阅读： [Dirac 电子：成功方程里尚未结束的故事](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/dirac-electron-spin-relativity/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1933/summary/) 5. ### 1934 这一年没有颁奖。 6. ### 1935 - James Chadwick [中子是怎样把自己撞出来的](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/chadwick-neutron-recoils/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/summary/) 7. ### 1936 - Victor F. Hess [Hess 在云层上方找到了更强的辐射](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/hess-balloon-radiation/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/summary/) - Carl D. Anderson [一块铅板怎样认出了正电子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/anderson-positron-lead-plate/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1936/summary/) 8. ### 1937 - Clinton Davisson · George Paget Thomson [电子衍射：两种实验，同一个波长检验](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/electron-evidence/electron-diffraction-crystal-records/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1937/summary/) 9. ### 1938 - Enrico Fermi [中子慢下来，反应为什么反而多了](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/fermi-slow-neutron-activation/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1938/summary/) 10. ### 1939 - Ernest Lawrence [回旋加速器怎样一次次推同一个离子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/cyclotron-resonant-acceleration/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/summary/) ## 1940 年代 1. ### 1940 这一年没有颁奖。 2. ### 1941 这一年没有颁奖。 3. ### 1942 这一年没有颁奖。 4. ### 1943 - Otto Stern [两道银迹怎样改变了人们对原子的认识](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/stern-gerlach-silver-beam-spin/) 延伸阅读： [氢分子的微小偏转，怎样测出了质子的磁性](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/stern-proton-moment-molecular-hydrogen/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1943/summary/) 5. ### 1944 - Isidor Isaac Rabi [怎样知道原子核遇到了共振](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/magnetic-resonance-beams-absorption-induction/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1944/summary/) 6. ### 1945 - Wolfgang Pauli [Pauli：填壳层之前，先数清状态](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/pauli-spectra-exclusion-principle/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1945/summary/) 7. ### 1946 - Percy W. Bridgman [Bridgman 怎样把物质压进新的世界](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/bridgman-high-pressure/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1946/summary/) 8. ### 1947 - Edward V. Appleton [无线电与电离层：收到信号之后，还要测什么](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/wireless-signals-and-ionosphere/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1947/summary/) 9. ### 1948 - Patrick M.S. Blackett [Blackett 和 Occhialini 让粒子触发自己的照片](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/blackett-counter-controlled-cloud-chamber/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1948/summary/) 10. ### 1949 - Hideki Yukawa [汤川为什么预言一种中等质量的粒子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/yukawa-meson-range/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1949/summary/) ## 1950 年代 1. ### 1950 - Cecil Powell [乳胶里一条接一条的径迹显出了 π 介子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/powell-pion-emulsion/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1950/summary/) 2. ### 1951 - John Cockcroft · Ernest T.S. Walton [用实验室的质子束打散锂核](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/cockcroft-walton-lithium/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1951/summary/) 3. ### 1952 - Felix Bloch · E. M. Purcell [怎样知道原子核遇到了共振](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/magnetic-resonance-beams-absorption-induction/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1952/summary/) 4. ### 1953 - Frits Zernike [Zernike：用参考波看清透明结构](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/zernike-phase-reference/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1953/summary/) 5. ### 1954 - Max Born [Born：散射方向怎样成为概率](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/born-scattering-probability/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/summary/) - Walther Bothe [Bothe 和 Geiger 怎样认出同时发生的两个信号](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/bothe-coincidence-method/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/summary/) 6. ### 1955 - Willis E. Lamb [少掉的氢原子怎样暴露了 Lamb 位移](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/lamb-shift-microwave-evidence/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/) - Polykarp Kusch [Kusch 和 Foley 怎样找出电子多出的一点磁性](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/kusch-foley-electron-magnetic-moment/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/) 7. ### 1956 - William B. Shockley · John Bardeen · Walter H. Brattain [第一只晶体管怎样把微弱信号放大](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/transistor-point-contact/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/summary/) 8. ### 1957 - Chen Ning Yang · Tsung-Dao Lee [吴健雄的钴实验怎样分出了镜像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/wu-parity-experiment/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1957/summary/) 9. ### 1958 - Pavel A. Cherenkov · Igor Y. Tamm · Il´ja M. Frank [Cherenkov 追出了蓝光与带电粒子的关系](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/cherenkov-light-cone/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1958/summary/) 10. ### 1959 - Emilio Segrè · Owen Chamberlain [怎样从大量 π 介子里挑出反质子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/chamberlain-antiproton/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1959/summary/) ## 1960 年代 1. ### 1960 - Donald A. Glaser [Glaser 让粒子经过的地方先沸腾](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/glaser-bubble-chamber/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1960/summary/) 2. ### 1961 - Robert Hofstadter [电子怎样量出质子的大小](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/hofstadter-nucleon-form-factors/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/summary/) - Rudolf Mössbauer [晶体怎样接住原子核发光时的反冲](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/mossbauer-recoil-free-resonance/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1961/summary/) 3. ### 1962 - Lev Landau [朗道怎样用集体激发解释超流液氦](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/landau-superfluid-helium/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1962/summary/) 4. ### 1963 - Eugene Wigner [对称性怎样帮我们认识粒子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/wigner-symmetry-principles/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/summary/) - Maria Goeppert Mayer · J. Hans D. Jensen [原子核为什么也有满壳层](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/nuclear-shells-spin-orbit/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1963/summary/) 5. ### 1964 - Charles H. Townes · Nicolay G. Basov · Aleksandr M. Prokhorov [氨分子束怎样持续发出微波](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/maser-inversion-and-feedback/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1964/summary/) 6. ### 1965 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga · Julian Schwinger · Richard P. Feynman [量子电动力学怎样算准电子的微小修正](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/qed-renormalization/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1965/summary/) 7. ### 1966 - Alfred Kastler [光怎样把原子搬到不再吸光的状态里](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/optical-pumping-populations-double-resonance/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1966/summary/) 8. ### 1967 - Hans Bethe [恒星怎样把核反应变成长久的光](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/bethe-stellar-nuclear-power/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1967/summary/) 9. ### 1968 - Luis Alvarez [Alvarez 小组从成组径迹中找出短寿命粒子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/alvarez-resonance-events/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1968/summary/) 10. ### 1969 - Murray Gell-Mann [夸克怎样整理越来越多的粒子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/gell-mann-quark-classification/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1969/summary/) ## 1970 年代 1. ### 1970 - Hannes Alfvén [磁场弯了一下，波就传了出去](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/alfven-magnetic-tension/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1970/summary/) - Louis Néel [原子磁矩怎样排列整齐又彼此抵消](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/neel-magnetic-order/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1970/summary/) 2. ### 1971 - Dennis Gabor [Gabor：把参考波一起拍进去](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/gabor-recording-and-reconstruction/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1971/summary/) 3. ### 1972 - John Bardeen · Leon N. Cooper · Robert Schrieffer [BCS 配对理论怎样解释超导能隙](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/bcs-pairing-evidence/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1972/summary/) 4. ### 1973 - Leo Esaki · Ivar Giaever [隧道二极管的电流为什么会随电压升高而下降](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/esaki-tunnel-diode/) 延伸阅读： [绝缘薄膜怎样让电流显出超导能隙](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/giaever-gap-spectroscopy/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/summary/) - Brian D. Josephson [相位怎样驱动穿过绝缘薄层的超电流](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/josephson-phase-current/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1973/summary/) 5. ### 1974 - Martin Ryle · Antony Hewish [Ryle 怎样用小天线合成大望远镜](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/ryle-aperture-synthesis/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1974/summary/) 6. ### 1975 - Aage N. Bohr · Ben R. Mottelson · James Rainwater [原子核怎样出现整体转动](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/deformed-nuclei-collective-motion/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1975/summary/) 7. ### 1976 - Burton Richter · Samuel C.C. Ting [两组实验遇见同一座窄峰](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/november-revolution-jpsi/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1976/summary/) 8. ### 1977 - Philip W. Anderson · Sir Nevill F. Mott · John H. Van Vleck [无序怎样让量子波停止扩散](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/anderson-localization/) 延伸阅读： [电子彼此排斥，为什么会让材料绝缘](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/mott-metal-insulator/) [看似没有磁性的状态为何仍会响应磁场](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/van-vleck-susceptibility/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/summary/) 9. ### 1978 - Pyotr Kapitsa [同一杯超流液氦，为什么流动与振动测出不同响应](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/kapitsa-helium-flow/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/) - Arno Penzias · Robert Woodrow Wilson [检查完天线，天空仍有一层微波底噪](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/penzias-wilson-microwave-background/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1978/summary/) 10. ### 1979 - Sheldon Glashow · Abdus Salam · Steven Weinberg [电磁作用与弱衰变怎样走到同一理论中](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/electroweak-unification/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/summary/) ## 1980 年代 1. ### 1980 - James Cronin · Val Fitch [一次稀少的 K 介子衰变怎样打破 CP 对称](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/cronin-fitch-kaon-cp/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/summary/) 2. ### 1981 - Nicolaas Bloembergen · Arthur L. Schawlow [激光怎样从热运动的宽谱里找出窄线](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/laser-spectroscopy-doppler-tests/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1981/summary/) - Kai M. Siegbahn [Kai Siegbahn：电子能量怎样开始揭示化学环境](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/electron-evidence/siegbahn-electron-spectroscopy-chemical-shifts/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1981/summary/) 3. ### 1982 - Kenneth G. Wilson [不同的物质，为什么在临界点附近变得相像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/wilson-critical-scales/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1982/summary/) 4. ### 1983 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar [白矮星为什么有质量上限](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/chandrasekhar-stellar-support/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/summary/) - William A. Fowler [把元素的来历带进实验室](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/fowler-element-making-rates/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/summary/) 5. ### 1984 - Carlo Rubbia · Simon van der Meer [W 与 Z 怎样从碰撞碎片中显现](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/ua1-ua2-w-z/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/summary/) 6. ### 1985 - Klaus von Klitzing [量子霍尔平台怎样成为电阻基准](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/integer-quantum-hall/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1985/summary/) 7. ### 1986 - Ernst Ruska [Ruska：形成电子图像，只是第一步](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/electron-evidence/ruska-electron-microscope-resolution/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/summary/) - Gerd Binnig · Heinrich Rohrer [STM：等电流轮廓不只是地形图](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/stm-current-and-surface-inference/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1986/summary/) 8. ### 1987 - J. Georg Bednorz · K. Alex Müller [一块铜氧化物陶瓷怎样打开高温超导研究](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/cuprate-superconductivity/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1987/summary/) 9. ### 1988 - Leon M. Lederman · Melvin Schwartz · Jack Steinberger [为什么还需要第二种中微子？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/brookhaven-muon-neutrino/) 延伸阅读： [为什么中微子一次次走进诺贝尔奖？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/neutrinos-and-nobel-prizes/) [中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1988/summary/) 10. ### 1989 - Norman F. Ramsey [Ramsey 和离子阱怎样为测量争取时间](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/ramsey-ion-traps-measurement/) 延伸阅读： [怎样读懂喷泉原子钟里的腔相位误差](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/ramsey-cavity-phase-frequency-bias/) [完美探测器还会留下多少量子计数噪声](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/quantum-projection-noise-population-counts/) [跟着喷泉原子钟论文外推零密度频率](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/fountain-clock-collision-density-extrapolation/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/summary/) - Hans G. Dehmelt · Wolfgang Paul [不断改变方向的电场怎样困住离子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/paul-trap-dynamic-stability-micromotion/) 延伸阅读： [Dehmelt 怎样听出单个电子的自旋翻转](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/dehmelt-single-electron-penning-spin-readout/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1989/summary/) ## 1990 年代 1. ### 1990 - Jerome I. Friedman · Henry W. Kendall · Richard E. Taylor [电子怎样撞见质子里的小成分](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/slac-deep-inelastic-scattering/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1990/summary/) 2. ### 1991 - Pierre-Gilles de Gennes [会流动的液体，也能保持方向](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/de-gennes-liquid-crystals/) 延伸阅读： [一根长分子，怎样绕成一团](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/polymer-scaling/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1991/summary/) 3. ### 1992 - Georges Charpak [Charpak 把粒子的位置变成电信号](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/charpak-multiwire-chamber/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1992/summary/) 4. ### 1993 - Russell A. Hulse · Joseph H. Taylor Jr. [脉冲星的钟声记下了轨道缩短](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/hulse-taylor-orbital-decay/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/summary/) 5. ### 1994 - Bertram N. Brockhouse [中子散射：原子在哪里，又怎样运动](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/neutrons-structure-and-motion/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/summary/) - Clifford G. Shull [中子散射：原子在哪里，又怎样运动](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/neutrons-structure-and-motion/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/summary/) 6. ### 1995 - Martin L. Perl [一个电子、一个缪子，怎样指向 τ 轻子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/perl-tau-missing-energy/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/summary/) - Frederick Reines [Cowan 与 Reines：怎样从两次闪光中找到中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/reactor-first-detection/) 延伸阅读： [为什么中微子一次次走进诺贝尔奖？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/neutrinos-and-nobel-prizes/) [中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1995/summary/) 7. ### 1996 - David M. Lee · Douglas D. Osheroff · Robert C. Richardson [液氦里的压力异常怎样被认出是超流转变](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/helium-three-superfluid/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1996/summary/) 8. ### 1997 - Steven Chu · Claude Cohen-Tannoudji · William D. Phillips [钠原子比理论预想的更冷，温度计可靠吗](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/laser-cooling-below-doppler-limit/) 延伸阅读： [用变化的磁场，让原子一直听得见减速光](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/zeeman-slowing-neutral-atom-beam/) [六束激光怎样让 Chu 的原子慢下来](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/chu-optical-molasses-diffusion-escape/) [从原子飞散的记录里，读出一把温度计](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/cold-atom-ballistic-thermometry/) [原子爬过光造的山坡，为什么会越来越慢](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/sisyphus-cooling-polarization-energy/) [氦原子怎样躲开光，留下两条极窄的速度峰](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/subrecoil-cooling-dark-state-momentum/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1997/summary/) 9. ### 1998 - Robert B. Laughlin · Horst L. Störmer · Daniel C. Tsui [三分之一霍尔平台怎样引出了分数电荷](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/fractional-quantum-hall/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1998/summary/) 10. ### 1999 - Gerardus 't Hooft · Martinus J.G. Veltman [量子修正怎样让电弱理论接受精密检验](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/electroweak-quantum-corrections/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1999/summary/) ## 2000 年代 1. ### 2000 - Zhores Alferov · Herbert Kroemer [两种半导体的界面怎样留住电荷和光](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/semiconductor-heterostructures/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/summary/) - Jack Kilby [怎样把一个完整电路做进同一块半导体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/integrated-circuit/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/summary/) 2. ### 2001 - Eric Cornell · Wolfgang Ketterle · Carl Wieman [膨胀的原子云怎样显露玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/bec-time-of-flight/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2001/summary/) 3. ### 2002 - Raymond Davis Jr. · Masatoshi Koshiba [太阳的中微子为什么少了？一只大罐子与持续多年的分歧](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/homestake-solar-neutrino-problem/) 延伸阅读： [SN 1987A：在地下，看见一颗恒星的坍缩](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/sn1987a-burst/) [为什么中微子一次次走进诺贝尔奖？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/neutrinos-and-nobel-prizes/) [中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/summary/) - Riccardo Giacconi [一枚火箭发现了异常明亮的 X 射线天空](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/giacconi-x-ray-sky/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/summary/) 4. ### 2003 - Alexei Abrikosov · Vitaly L. Ginzburg · Anthony J. Leggett [超导有序怎样在空间里变化](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/ginzburg-landau-order/) 延伸阅读： [磁通怎样进入超导体并排成涡旋晶格](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/abrikosov-vortex-lattice/) [氦三怎样配对？核磁共振揭示了液体的内部有序](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/leggett-helium-three/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/summary/) 5. ### 2004 - David J. Gross · H. David Politzer · Frank Wilczek [为什么猛烈碰撞里的夸克近乎自由](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/qcd-asymptotic-freedom/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2004/summary/) 6. ### 2005 - Roy J. Glauber [Glauber 怎样把光学相干推向光子计数](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/glauber-coherence-and-counting/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2005/summary/) - John L. Hall · Theodor W. Hänsch [频率梳怎样定下齿距和起点](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/frequency-comb-self-reference/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2005/summary/) 7. ### 2006 - John C. Mather · George F. Smoot [COBE 把天空与人造黑体放在一起比较](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/cobe-blackbody-spectrum/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2006/summary/) 8. ### 2007 - Albert Fert · Peter Grünberg [磁层的相对方向为什么会改变电阻](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/giant-magnetoresistance/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2007/summary/) 9. ### 2008 - Yoichiro Nambu [规律对称，最低能量状态却可以选边](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/nambu-spontaneous-symmetry/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/summary/) - Makoto Kobayashi · Toshihide Maskawa [第三代夸克怎样给 CP 破坏留出空间](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/kobayashi-maskawa-generations/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2008/summary/) 10. ### 2009 - Charles K. Kao [高锟：光能导进去，还得传得足够远](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/kao-loss-and-fibre-communication/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2009/summary/) - Willard S. Boyle · George E. Smith [CCD 怎样把一幅图像搬到输出端](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/ccd-charge-transfer/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2009/summary/) ## 2010 年代 1. ### 2010 - Andre Geim · Konstantin Novoselov [石墨烯薄片怎样成为可控制的电子系统](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/graphene-field-effect/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2010/summary/) 2. ### 2011 - Saul Perlmutter · Brian P. Schmidt · Adam G. Riess [遥远超新星揭示了加速膨胀的宇宙](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/supernova-accelerating-universe/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2011/summary/) 3. ### 2012 - Serge Haroche · David J. Wineland [怎样测量一个量子系统，还能接着研究它](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/single-quantum-measurement-backaction/) 延伸阅读： [一颗离子的荧光怎样突然熄灭，又重新亮起](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/electron-shelving-single-ion-jumps/) [怎样读懂首次离子基态冷却实验的边带谱](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/sideband-asymmetry-ground-state-cooling/) [借另一个离子，读出一条难测的跃迁](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/quantum-logic-spectroscopy-shared-motion/) [腔中的猫态为何先失去相干，再慢慢失去能量](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/cavity-cat-coherence-energy-decay/) [让原子一个个数出腔里的光子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/qnd-photon-counting-atomic-records/) [让腔里的光子数回到指定目标](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/quantum-feedback-photon-number-verification/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2012/summary/) 4. ### 2013 - François Englert · Peter Higgs [两种质量峰怎样把希格斯场带到眼前](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/particle-evidence/higgs-discovery-mass/) [原子核、粒子与探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/nuclear-particle/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2013/summary/) 5. ### 2014 - Isamu Akasaki · Hiroshi Amano · Shuji Nakamura [怎样让蓝光 LED 把电流高效变成光](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/blue-led/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2014/summary/) 6. ### 2015 - Takaaki Kajita · Arthur B. McDonald [2015 年：两台很不同的仪器，怎样共同确认味转换？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/nobel-2015-two-neutrino-evidence-paths/) 延伸阅读： [为什么中微子一次次走进诺贝尔奖？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/neutrinos-and-nobel-prizes/) [中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/summary/) 7. ### 2016 - David J. Thouless · F. Duncan M. Haldane · J. Michael Kosterlitz [二维超流为什么会消失？涡旋成对与解束缚](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/kt-vortex-unbinding/) 延伸阅读： [整数与半整数自旋链为何有不同的低能运动](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/haldane-integer-spin/) [波函数的几何怎样决定整数霍尔响应](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/thouless-hall-topology/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2016/summary/) 8. ### 2017 - Rainer Weiss · Barry C. Barish · Kip S. Thorne [同时抵达两座 LIGO 的短促啁啾](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/ligo-gw150914/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/summary/) 9. ### 2018 - Arthur Ashkin [光镊：抓住小球之后，怎样量力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/optical-tweezers-force-calibration/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/summary/) - Gérard Mourou · Donna Strickland [啁啾脉冲放大怎样避开放大时的高峰值](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/cpa-stretch-amplify-compress/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/summary/) 10. ### 2019 - James Peebles [从平滑的微波天空到结成团的星系](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/peebles-growing-universe/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/summary/) - Michel Mayor · Didier Queloz [飞马座五十一号行星只有四天的一年](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/mayor-queloz-51-pegasi/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/summary/) ## 2020 年代 1. ### 2020 - Roger Penrose [引力坍缩不需要一颗完美的球形恒星](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/penrose-trapped-surfaces/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/) - Reinhard Genzel · Andrea Ghez [替银河系暗中心称重的恒星](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/galactic-centre-stellar-orbits/) [天文、宇宙学与引力](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/astronomy-gravity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/) 2. ### 2021 - Syukuro Manabe · Klaus Hasselmann [真锅淑郎与 Wetherald 怎样算出大气会升温](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/manabe-radiative-convective/) 延伸阅读： [Hasselmann 发现海洋会记住天气](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/hasselmann-weather-climate/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/summary/) - Giorgio Parisi [没法同时照顾所有邻居的小磁铁](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/parisi-spin-glass/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/summary/) 3. ### 2022 - Alain Aspect · John Clauser · Anton Zeilinger [Bell 检验怎样辨认量子关联](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/bell-tests-correlations-loopholes/) 延伸阅读： [Freedman 和 Clauser 用钙原子检验 Bell 不等式](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/freedman-clauser-coincidence-normalization/) [Aspect 在光子飞行途中切换分析器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/aspect-switching-spacetime-records/) [光子 Bell 检验怎样计入没响的探测器](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/photon-bell-losses-optical-trials/) [三个光子的 GHZ 关联为何难倒预写的答案](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/ghz-parity-three-photon-records/) [1997 年光子实验怎样转移量子态](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/quantum-teleportation-conditional-records/) [一次联合测量怎样让未曾相遇的光子纠缠](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/entanglement-swapping-fourfold-records/) [密集编码怎样用一个光子传三种消息](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/dense-coding-three-messages-resources/) [从已标定的计数重建光子态](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/photon-tomography-counts-physical-states/) [量子物理与原子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/quantum-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/summary/) 4. ### 2023 - Pierre Agostini · Ferenc Krausz · Anne L’Huillier [阿秒脉冲：怎样用电子给最短的光脉冲计时](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/attosecond-pulses-and-metrology/) [光、波与成像](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/probe-evidence/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2023/summary/) 5. ### 2024 - John Hopfield · Geoffrey Hinton [Hopfield 网络怎样找回破损的记忆](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/hopfield-energy-memory/) 延伸阅读： [Boltzmann 机怎样学会图案的规律](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/hinton-boltzmann-learning/) [热、偶然与集体行为](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/thermal-complexity/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2024/summary/) 6. ### 2025 - John Clarke · Michel H. Devoret · John M. Martinis [一个电路的集体变量怎样显出量子隧穿和离散能级](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/macroscopic-quantum-circuit/) [材料、器件与量子流体](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/condensed-matter/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2025/summary/) 7. ### 2026 - Francis Halzen [2026 年诺贝尔物理学奖：为什么要去南极冰中寻找中微子？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/nobel-physics-2026/) 延伸阅读： [Francis Halzen 和他的同事们，怎样把南极冰变成望远镜](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/halzen-and-collaboration/) [为什么中微子一次次走进诺贝尔奖？](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/neutrinos-and-nobel-prizes/) [中微子](https://sandboxphysics.com/zh/stories/neutrinos/) [官方授奖说明](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2026/summary/) ## 名单来源 获奖者，以及每年奖项怎样分成几项工作，都依据诺贝尔奖官方记录。每篇文章还会讲到完成这项工作的更大团队，并列出各自的来源。 [nobelprize.org 上的全部诺贝尔物理学奖](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-physics/)